Updated third edition of the classic text is now available. Click the image to learn more

Jen Morse's photo of Timberlake graces the January cover of Ecological Applications

LAB PUBLICATIONS (lab members are indicated in bold)


Books
Schlesinger, W.H. and E.S. Bernhardt. Biogeochemistry: an analysis of global change, 3rd edition. Academic Press. 2013. 672pp.

Journal Articles
If you do not have personal or institutional access please request a reprint from emily.bernhardt "at" duke.edu

2013
Benjamin P Colman, Christina L Arnaout, Sarah Anciaux, Claudia K Gunsch, Michael F Hochella Jr, Bojeong Kim, Gregory V Lowry, Bonnie M McGill, Brian C Reinsch, Curtis J Richardson, Jason M Unrine, Justin P Wright, Liyan Yin, Emily S Bernhardt. Low Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles in Biosolids Cause Adverse Ecosystem Responses under Realistic Field Scenario. PLOS ONE 8 (2), e57189.

Sudduth, E.B., S.S. Perakis and E.S. Bernhardt. 2013.  Nitrate in watersheds: straight from soils to streams? JGR-Bigeosciences 118: 291-302.

Morse, J.L. and E.S. Bernhardt.  Using 15N dual tracers to estimate the relative contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O and N2 emissions in coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses and soil moisture conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 57: 635-643.

Cha, Y., C.Stow, and E.S. Bernhardt. Dreissenid invasion impacts on chlorophyll and total phosphorus in 25 US lake ecosystems. Freshwater Biology 58: 192-206.

Somers, K.A. E.S. Bernhardt, J.B. Grace, B.A. Hassett, E.B. Sudduth, S. Wang, and D.L. Urban.  2013. Streams in the urban heat island: spatial and temporal variability in stream temperatures. Freshwater Science 32: 309-326.

2012
Baron, J.S., E.K. Hall, B.T. Nolan, J.C. Finlay, E.S. Bernhardt, J.A. Harrison, F. Chan and E.W. Boyer. 2012. The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States. Biogeochemistry. 

Bernhardt, E.S., B.D. Lutz, R.S. King, J.P. Fay, C.E. Carter, A.M. Helton, D. Campagna & J. Amos. 2012.  "How many mountains can we mine? Assessing the regional degradation of Central Appalachian rivers by surface coal mining" Environmental Science and Technology. 46: 8115-8122.

Phillips, R.P., I.C. Meier, E.S. Bernhardt, A.S. Grandy, K. Wickings, A.C. Finzi. 2012. "Roots and fungi accelerate carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests exposed to elevated CO2" Ecology Letters 15: 1042-1049.

Colman, B.P., S. Wang, M. Auffan, M.R. Wiesner, and E.S. Bernhardt. 2012. Antimicrobial effects of commercial silver nanoparticles are attenuated in natural streamwater and sediment. Ecotoxicology. 21: 1867-1877.

Morse, J. L., M. Ardon, and E. S. Bernhardt. 2012. Using environmental variables and soil processes to forecast denitrification potential and nitrous oxide fluxes in coastal plain wetlands across different land-uses. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences. 117: G02023. 

Lutz, B.D., P.J. Mulholland and E.S. Bernhardt.  2012. Long-term data reveal patterns and controls on streamwater chemistry in a forested stream: Walker Branch, Tennessee. Ecological Monographs. 82: 367-387.

Morse, J.L., M. Ardón and E.S. Bernhardt.  2012.  Greenhouse gas fluxes in coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses.  Ecological Applications 22:264-280


Kim B, Murayama M, Colman BP, and Hochella MF. (2012) Characterization and environmental implications of nano- and larger tio2 particles in sewage sludge, and soils amended with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14 (4), 1128.

Unrine JM, Colman BP, Bone AJ, Gondikas AP & Matson CW (2012) Biotic and Abiotic Interactions in Aquatic Microcosms Determine Fate and Toxicity of Ag Nanoparticles: Part 1–Aggregation and Dissolution. Environmental Science & Technology 46: 6915-6924.


Bone AJ, Colman BP, Gondikas AP, Newton K, Harrold KH, Unrine JM, Klaine SJ, Matson CW, Di Giulio RT, (2012) Biotic and abiotic interactions in aquatic microcosms determine fate and toxicity of Ag nanoparticles: Part 2 –Toxicity and chemical speciation, Environmental Science and Technology. 46: 6925-6933.


Lowry GV, Espinasse BP, Badireddy AR, Richardson CJ, Reinsch BC, Bryant LD, Bone AJ, Deonarine A, Chae S, Therezien M, Colman BP, Hsu-Kim H, Bernhardt ES, Matson CW & Wiesner MR (2012) Long-Term Transformation and Fate of Manufactured Ag Nanoparticles in a Simulated Large Scale 
Freshwater Emergent Wetland. Environmental Science & Technology 46: 7027-7036.


2011

Lindberg. T.T., E.S. Bernhardt, R. Bier, A. Helton, R. Merola, A.Vengosh, R.T. Di Giulio.  Cumulative impacts of mountaintop mining on an Appalachian watershed.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 20929-20934.
 
Wang, S., E.S. Bernhardt, J.P. Wright, M. Wallenstein and E.B. Sudduth.  2011. Watershed urbanization alters the composition and function of stream bacterial communities.  PLOS-One 6(8):e22792.

Violin, C., P. Cada, E.B. Sudduth, B.A. Hassett, D.L. Penrose and E.S. Bernhardt.  2011.  Effects of urbanization and urban stream restoration on the physical and biological structure of stream ecosystems.  Ecological Applications 26: 1932-1949.

Bernhardt, E.S. and M.A. Palmer.  2011.  River restoration – the fuzzy logic of repairing reaches to reverse watershed scale degradation.  Ecological Applications  21: 1926-1931.

Sudduth, E.B., B.A. Hassett, P. Cada and E.S. Bernhardt.  2011.  Testing the Field of Dreams Hypothesis: Functional Responses to Urbanization and Restoration in Stream Ecosystems.  Ecological Applications  21: 1972-1988.


Helton A.M., G.C. Poole and 21 coauthors including E.S. Bernhardt.  2011.  Thinking outside the channel: modeling nitrogen cycling in networked river ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment 4:229-238.

Lutz, B.J., E.S. Bernhardt, P.J. Mulholland, B.R. Roberts and R. M. Cory.  2012. Distinguishing terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter dynamics in a forested stream using kinetic enrichments and fluorescence spectroscopy.  Limnology and Oceanography 57: 76-89.

Lutz, B.D., E.S. Bernhardt, B.J. Roberts and P.J. Mulholland.  2011.  Examining the coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycles in Appalachian streams: the role of dissolved organic nitrogen.  Ecology 92: 720-732.

Bernhardt, E.S. and M.A. Palmer.  2011.  The environmental costs of mountaintop mining valley filloperations for aquatic ecosystems of the CentralAppalachians.  The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology.  Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1223 (2011) 39–57

Chen, Y., L. Yin, S. Lin, M. Wiesner, E.Bernhardt and J. Liu.  2011.  Toxicity reduction of polymer-stabilized silver nanoparticles by sunlight.  Journal of Physical Chemistry  


Baulch, H.M.. E.H. Stanley and E.S. Bernhardt. 2011. Can algal uptake stop NO3- pollution? Nature 477:E3


Yin, L., Y. Cheng, B. Espinasse, B.P. Colman, M. Auffan, M. Wiesner, J. Rose, J. Liu and E.S. Bernhardt.  2011.  More than the ions: the effects of silver nanoparticles on Lolium multiflorum.  Environmental Science and Technology

Phillips, R.P.,E.S. Bernhardt and A.C. Finzi.  2011.  Enhanced root exudation induces microbial feedbacks to N cycling in a pine forest under long-term CO2 fumigation. Ecology Letters 14: 187-194

J.E. Drake, E.H. DeLucia, A. Gallet-Budynek, K.S. Hofmockel, E.S. Bernhardt, S.A. Billings, R. D. Jackson, J. Lichter, M.L. McCormack, D.J. P. Moore, R. Oren, S. Palmroth, R.P. Phillips, J.S. Pippen, S.G. Pritchard, K.K. Treseder, and A.C. Finzi.  2011.  Increases in the flux of carbon belowground stimulate nitrogen uptake and sustain the long-term enhancement of forest productivity under elevated CO2. Ecology Letters 14: 349-357.

Doyle, M.W. and E.S. Bernhardt.  2011.  What is a stream?  Environmental Science and Technology 45: 354-359.

2010
Ardón, M., J.L. Morse, S. Montenari, M.W. Doyle, and E.S. Bernhardt.  2010.  Phosphorus export from a restored wetland ecosystem in response to natural and experimental hydrologic fluctuations. JGR Biogeosciences 115: G04031.

Bernhardt, E.S, B.P. Colman, B. Cardinale, R. Nisbet, C. Richardson and L. Yin.  2010.  Emerging environmental crisis or part of the Green Revolution: the ecological impacts of nanomaterials in the environment. Journal of Environmental Quality.  39: 1954-1965

Muehlbauer, J., M.W. Doyle and E.S. Bernhardt.  2010.  Macroinvertebrate community responses to a dewatering disturbance gradient in a restored stream. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7:9599-9630.


Lowry, G.V.,  E.M. Hotze, E.S. Bernhardt, D.D. Dionysiou, J. A. Pedersen, M.R. Wiesner, Baoshan Xing.  2010. Environmental occurrences, behavior, fate and ecological effects of nanomaterials.  Journal of Environmental Quality 39: 1867-1874

Ardón, M., J.L. Morse, M.W. Doyle, and E.S. Bernhardt.  2010.  The water quality consequences of restoring wetland hydrology to a large agricultural watershed in the southeastern coastal plain.  Ecosystems 13: 1060-1078.

Palmer, M.A., H.L. Menninger, E.S. Bernhardt.  2010.  River restoration, habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity: a failure of theory or practice?  Freshwater Biology 55:205-222.

Palmer, M.A.,  E.S. Bernhardt, W.H. Schlesinger, K.N. Eshleman, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, M.S. Hendryx, A.D. Lemly, G.E. Likens, O.L. Loucks, M.E. Power, P.S. White, and P.R. Wilcock. 2010.   Environmental and Human Health Consequences of Mountaintop Removal Mining.  Science 327: 148-149.   

2009
Wenger, S.J., A.H. Roy, C.R. Jackson, E.S. Bernhardt, T.L. Carter, S. Filoso, C.A. Gibson, W.C. Hession, S.S. Kaushal, E. Marti, J.L. Meyer, M.A. Palmer, M.J. Paul, A.H. Purcell, A. Ramirez, A.D. Rosemond, K.A. Schofield, E.B. Sudduth, C.J. Walsh.  2009.  Twenty-six key research questions in urban stream ecology: an assessment of the state of the science.  Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 28: 1080-1098.

Phillips, R.P., E.S. Bernhardt and W.H. Schlesinger.  2009.  Elevated CO2 increases root exudation from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings as an N-mediated response.  Tree Physiology 29: 1513-1523.

Wiesner, M.R., G.V. Lowry, K. Jones, M.F. Hochella, R.T. DiGiulio, E. Casman, and E.S. Bernhardt.  2009.  Viewpoint.  Decreasing uncertainty in assessing environmental exposure, risk and ecological implications of nanomaterials.  Environmental Science and Technology 43: 6458-6462.

Wright, J.P., A. Symstad, J.M. Bullock, K. Engelhardt, L. Jackson and E.S. Bernhardt.  2009.  Restoring biodiversity and ecosystem function: will an integrated approach improve results?  Ch. 12 in Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: an Ecological and Economic Perspective.  Naeem, Bunker et al. (eds).

Ardón, M. and Bernhardt, E.S. 2009.  Restoring Rivers and Streams. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0020148]

2008
Phillips, R.P., Y. Erlitz, R. Bier, and E.S. Bernhardt.  2008.   A new approach for capturing soluble root exudates in forest soils. Functional Ecology 22: 990-999.

Bernhardt, E.S. and W.H. McDowell.  2008.  Twenty years apart: comparisons of DOM uptake during leaf leachate releases to Hubbard Brook Valley streams 1979 vs. 2000.  JGR Biogeosciences 113, G03032.  doi:10.1029/2007JG000618

Invited Review:  Bernhardt, E.S., L.A. Band, C. Walsh and P Berke.  2008. Understanding, managing and minimizing urban impacts of surface water nitrogen loading. Annual Review of Conservation and the Environment. 1134: 61-96

Poole, G.C., S.J. O’Daniel, K.L. Jones, E.S. Bernhardt, A.M. Helton, J.A. Stanford, W.W. Woessner, and B.R. Boer.  2008.  Hydrologic Spirals: Conceptualizing the Hydrologic Template of Stream and River Ecosystems.  River Research and Applications.  24: 1018-1031.

Craig, L.S., M.A. Palmer, D.C. Richardson, S. Filoso, E.S. Bernhardt, B.P. Bledsoe, M.W. Doyle, P.M. Groffman, B.A. Hassett, S.S. Kaushal, P.M. Mayer, S.M. Smith, and P.R. Wilcock.  2008.  Stream restoration strategies for reducing river nitrogen loads.  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6: 529-538.

2007
Fierer, N., J.L. Morse, S. Berthrong, E.S. Bernhardt, R.B. Jackson.  2007. The landscape-level biogeography of stream bacterial communities.  Ecology 88: 2162-2173.

Warren, D.R., E. S. Bernhardt, R. O. Hall, Jr., G.E. Likens.  2007.  Forest age, woody debris, and nutrient dynamics in headwater streams of the White Mountains, NH.  Earth Surface Processes and Landforms  32: 1154-1163.

Palmer, M.A., J.D. Allan, J.L. Meyer, and E.S. Bernhardt.  2007.  River Restoration in the 21st Century: Data and Experiential Knowledge to Inform Future Efforts.  Restoration Ecology. 15: 472-481.

Bernhardt, E.S., E.B. Sudduth, M.A. Palmer, J.D. Allan, J.L. Meyer, G. Alexander, J. Follstad-Shah, B. Hassett, R. Jenkinson, R. Lave, J. McFall, L. Pagano.  2007.  Restoring Rivers one Reach at a Time: Results from a survey of U.S. river restoration practitioners.  Restoration Ecology. 15:482-493.

Sudduth, E.B., J.L. Meyer, E.S. Bernhardt.  2007.  Stream restoration practices in the southeastern US.  Restoration Ecology. 15: 573-583.

Phillips, R.P. 2007. Towards a rhizo-centric view of plant-microbial feedbacks under elevated atmospheric CO2. New Phytologist 173: 664-667.


Hassett, B.A., M.A. Palmer and E.S. Bernhardt.  2007.  Evaluating stream restoration in the Chesapeake Bay watershed through practitioner interviews.  Restoration Ecology. 15:563-572.

Kondolf, G.M., S. Anderson, R. Lave, L. Pagano, A. Merelender, E.S. Bernhardt.  2007.  Two Decades of River Restoration in California: Trends in Implementation and Reporting.  Restoration Ecology. 15: 516-523.

Follstad-Shah, J.J., C.N. Dahm, S.P. Gloss, E.S. Bernhardt, and D.A. Price.  2007. River and riparian restoration in the Southwest: Results of the National River Restoration Science Synthesis Project.  Restoration Ecology 15: 550-562.

Bernhardt, E.S.  and M.A. Palmer.  2007.  Restoring streams in an urbanizing world.  Freshwater Biology 52: 738-751.

2006
Bernhardt, E.S., S.E. Bunn, D.D. Hart, B. Malmqvist, T. Muotka, R.J. Naiman, C. Pringle, M. Reuss, and B. van Wilgen.  2006. Perspective: The challenge of ecologically sustainable water management.  Water Policy.  8:475-479. 

Schlesinger, W. H., E. S. Bernhardt, E. H. DeLucia, D. S. Ellsworth, A. C. Finzi, G. R. Hendrey, K. S. Hofmockel, J. Lichter, R. Matamala, D. Moore, R. Oren, J. S. Pippen, and R. B. Thomas. 2006. The Duke Forest FACE experiment: CO2 enrichment of a loblolly pine forest. in. J. Nösberger, S. P. Long, R. J. Norby, M. Stitt, G.R.Hendrey, and H.Blum, (editors). Managed Ecosystems and CO2 Case Studies,Processes, and Perspectives. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin.

Jenkinson, R., K. Barnas, J. Braatne, E.S. Bernhardt, M. Palmer, J.D. Allan, and the National River Restoration Science Synthesis.  2006.  Stream restoration databases and case studies: a guide to information resources and their utility in advancing the science and practice of restoration.  Restoration Ecology.  14: 177-186.

Palmer, M.A. and E.S. Bernhardt. 2006. Hydroecology and river restoration: ripe for research and synthesis. Water Resources Research . Vol. 42: W03S07

Bernhardt, E.S., J. Barber, J.S. Pippen, L.A. Taneva, J. Andrews, and W.H. Schlesinger.  2006.  Long-term effects of free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on soil respiration.  Biogeochemistry  77:91-116

Schlesinger, W.H., K.H. Reckhow, and E.S. Bernhardt.  2006.  Global change: the nitrogen cycle and rivers.  Water Resources Research 42: W03S06.

2005
Hassett, B., M.A. Palmer, E. S. Bernhardt, S. Smith, J. Carr, and D. Hart.  2005. Restoring watersheds project by project: trends in Chesapeake Bay tributary restoration. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 259-267.

Bernhardt, E.S., M.A. Palmer, J.D. Allan , R. Abell, G. Alexander, S. Brooks, J. Carr, S. Clayton, C. Dahm, J. Follstad Shah, D.L. Galat, S. Gloss, P. Goodwin, D.H. Hart, B. Hassett, R. Jenkinson, S. Katz, G.M. Kondolf, P.S. Lake, R. Lave, J.L. Meyer, T.K. O’Donnell, L. Pagano, E. Sudduth.  2005.  Synthesizing US River Restoration Efforts.  Science 308:636-637.

Bernhardt, E.S., G.E. Likens, R.O. Hall, Jr., D.C. Buso, S.G. Fisher, T.M. Burton, J.L. Meyer, W.H. McDowell, M.S. Mayer, W.B. Bowden, S.E.G. Findlay, K.H. Macneale, R.S. Stelzer, W.H. Lowe.  2005.  Can’t See the Forest for the Stream?  The capacity of instream processing to modify terrestrial nitrogen exports.  BioScience 52:219-230.

Palmer, M.A., E.S. Bernhardt, J.D. Allan , P.S. Lake, G. Alexander, S. Brooks, J. Carr, S. Clayton, C. Dahm, J. Follstad Shah, D.L. Galat, S. Gloss, P. Goodwin, D.H. Hart, B. Hassett, R. Jenkinson, G.M. Kondolf, R. Lave, J.L. Meyer, T.K. O’Donnell, L. Pagano, P. Srivastava, E. Sudduth. 2005. Standards for Ecologically Successful River Restoration.  Journal of Applied Ecology 42: 208-217.

Palmer, M.A., E.S. Bernhardt, E.A. Chornesky, S.L. Collins, A.P. Dobson, C.S. Duke, B.D. Gold, R. Jacobson, S. Kingsland, R. Kranz, M.J Mappin, M.L. Martinez, F. Micheli, J.L. Morse, M.L Pace, M. Pascual, S. Palumbi, O.J. Reichman, A.L. Simons, A. Townsend, and M.G. Turner.  2005.  Ecological Science and Sustainability for the 21st Century.  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 3: 4-11